一、采（cǎi）毛前準備（bèi）與健康評估

1、 Preparation and health assessment before hair harvesting

科學采毛的首要環節是建立完（wán）善的健康評估體係，采毛前72小時需對兔群進行係統性（xìng）體檢（jiǎn），監測體溫（正常範圍38.5-39.5℃）、呼吸頻率（lǜ）（35-60次（cì）/分鍾）及糞便形態，排除皮膚病患者（真菌感染率（lǜ）超過（guò）5%的個體應隔離）。環（huán）境準（zhǔn）備方麵，采（cǎi）毛室需維持溫度20-24℃、相（xiàng）對濕度50-60%的穩定環（huán）境（jìng），配備可調節高度的防滑操作台和專用（yòng）采毛燈具（光（guāng）照強度500-800lux）。工具采用三級處理流程：先用75%酒精（jīng）浸（jìn）泡剪毛器械30分鍾，再經紫外線照射20分鍾，用紗布（bù）擦拭，確保微生物殘（cán）留量≤50CFU/cm²。特別值得（dé）注意的是，采毛（máo）前15天應調整飼料配方，增加含硫氨基（jī）酸（suān）（蛋（dàn）氨酸≥0.6%）和維（wéi）生素B族（B1≥2mg/kg）的供給，這對提高毛纖維強度和彈性（xìng）模量具有顯著作用。

The primary step in scientific hair collection is to establish a comprehensive health assessment system. 72 hours before hair collection, a systematic physical examination of the rabbit population is required, with a focus on monitoring body temperature (normal range of 38.5-39.5 ℃), respiratory rate (35-60 times/minute), and stool morphology, to exclude patients with skin diseases (individuals with fungal infection rates exceeding 5% should be isolated and treated). In terms of environmental preparation, the hair collection room needs to maintain a stable environment with a temperature of 20-24 ℃ and a relative humidity of 50-60%. It should be equipped with an adjustable height anti slip operating platform and dedicated hair collection lamps (with a light intensity of 500-800lux). The tool disinfection adopts a three-level treatment process: first soak the shearing instrument in 75% alcohol for 30 minutes, then irradiate it with ultraviolet light for 20 minutes, and finally wipe it with sterilized gauze to ensure that the residual microbial amount is ≤ 50CFU/cm ². It is particularly noteworthy that the feed formula should be adjusted 15 days before harvesting to increase the supply of sulfur-containing amino acids (methionine ≥ 0.6%) and vitamin B group (B1 ≥ 2mg/kg), which has a significant effect on improving the strength and elastic modulus of wool fibers.

二、分級采毛技術體係

2、 Graded hair harvesting technology system

現代養兔場采用（yòng）ABC三級采毛法，A級毛（長度≥6cm）采用（yòng）拔毛工藝（yì），操作者左手固定皮（pí）膚皺褶，右手拇指與食指（zhǐ）呈45°角順毛向快速拔取，每次提取不超過100根毛叢，此法製得（dé）的兔毛鱗片完整率達98%以上；B級毛（3-6cm）使用氣動剪（jiǎn）毛機，刀頭溫度控製在40℃以下，保留0.5cm底絨作為保護層，剪切頻率設定在2000次/分鍾可限度減少毛纖維斷裂；C級毛（＜3cm）則通過真空吸毛係統回收，經靜電分選後作為（wéi）工業用毛原料。關（guān）鍵控製點在於分區操作：先（xiān）采（cǎi）背部（bù）（單次（cì）采量不超過體表30%），再采體（tǐ）側，處理腹部（bù），每個區域間隔（gé）7-10天輪采，確保皮膚修複周期。設備如德國產VS-300型兔毛采集係統，配備壓力傳感器和溫度反饋裝置（zhì），可將采毛應激反應降低（dī）60%。

Modern rabbit farms adopt the ABC three-level hair collection method, and A-level hair (length ≥ 6cm) is extracted using the hair pulling process. The operator fixes the skin folds with the left hand and quickly pulls out the hair in the direction of the right hand thumb and index finger at a 45 ° angle. Each extraction does not exceed 100 hair bundles, and the integrity rate of rabbit hair scales obtained by this method is over 98%; B-grade wool (3-6cm) is cut using a pneumatic shearing machine, with the blade temperature controlled below 40 ℃ and 0.5cm of bottom wool retained as a protective layer. The cutting frequency is set at 2000 times per minute to minimize fiber breakage; C-grade wool (<3cm) is recovered through a vacuum suction system and used as industrial wool raw material after electrostatic sorting. The key control point lies in the zoning operation: first collect samples from the back (with a single collection volume not exceeding 30% of the body surface), then collect samples from the side of the body, and finally process the abdomen. Each area is sampled at 7-10 day intervals to ensure a skin repair cycle. Professional equipment such as the German made VS-300 rabbit hair collection system, equipped with pressure sensors and temperature feedback devices, can reduce hair collection stress response by 60%.

三、采後護（hù）理與品質控製

3、 Post harvest care and quality control

采毛完成後立即進行創麵處理，使用（yòng）含0.1%聚維酮碘的溫敷劑（38-40℃）輕拭采毛區，隨後（hòu）塗抹維生素（sù）E乳液（yè）（濃度5%）促進毛囊修（xiū）複。環境（jìng）管理方麵，采毛後48小時內需保持舍溫恒定（波動≤2℃），飲水中添加電解質（鈉0.1%+鉀0.05%+葡萄糖2%）。毛纖維處理采用"四步分揀法"：先經振動（dòng）篩除去（qù）雜質（篩網孔徑0.3mm），再通過光電色選機分級（白度分級達12個等級（jí）），接（jiē）著用靜電吸附裝置分離粗毛（直徑＞30μm）和細毛（直徑14-30μm），進行（háng）微生物檢測（細菌總數≤10⁴CFU/g）。兔毛的驗收標準包括：纖維長度變異係數＜15%、斷裂強度≥3.5cN/dtex、回潮（cháo）率11-13%，每批次需留存200g樣品置於恒溫恒濕箱（20℃±1，65%RH±3%）進行為期30天的儲存穩定性測試（shì）。

After wool picking, the wound surface shall be treated immediately, and a warm compress containing 0.1% povidone iodine (38-40 ℃) shall be used to gently wipe the wool picking area, and then vitamin E lotion (concentration 5%) shall be applied to promote hair follicle repair. In terms of environmental management, it is necessary to maintain a constant room temperature (fluctuation ≤ 2 ℃) within 48 hours after harvesting, and add electrolytes (sodium 0.1%+potassium 0.05%+glucose 2%) to drinking water. The wool fiber processing adopts the "four step sorting method": first, impurities are removed through a vibrating screen (screen aperture 0.3mm), then graded by a photoelectric color sorter (whiteness grading up to 12 levels), followed by the separation of coarse wool (diameter>30 μ m) and fine wool (diameter 14-30 μ m) using an electrostatic adsorption device, and finally microbial detection (total bacterial count ≤ 10 ⁴ CFU/g). The acceptance criteria for high-quality rabbit hair include: coefficient of variation of fiber length<15%, breaking strength ≥ 3.5cN/dtex, moisture regain 11-13%, and 200g of samples per batch must be retained and stored in a constant temperature and humidity chamber (20 ℃± 1, 65% RH ± 3%) for 30 days of storage stability testing.

四、數據化管理（lǐ）係統

4、 Data management system

建立個體采毛檔案，記錄每次采毛量（liàng）（精確到0.1g）、毛（máo）叢密度（單位麵積毛囊數）及（jí）生長速度（mm/天），通過大（dà）數據分析確定采毛（máo）間隔（安哥拉兔通（tōng）常75-90天）。智（zhì）能（néng）監（jiān）測係統實時采集環境參數（氨氣濃度＜10ppm、風速0.1-0.3m/s）與采毛效率（熟練工人每小時處（chù）理15-20隻），自動生成采毛效益分析報告（包含毛料、傷殘率（lǜ）等12項指（zhǐ）標）。研究表明，采用（yòng）本技術體係可使毛（máo）產出率提升40%（達（dá）85%以上），同時將（jiāng）皮膚損傷率控製在0.5%以（yǐ）下，顯著提高養殖（zhí）經濟效益。

Establish an individual hair collection file, recording the amount of hair collected each time (accurate to 0.1g), hair clump density (number of hair follicles per unit area), and growth rate (mm/day), and determine the optimal hair collection interval (usually 75-90 days for Angora rabbits) through big data analysis. The intelligent monitoring system collects real-time environmental parameters (ammonia concentration<10ppm, wind speed 0.1-0.3m/s) and wool harvesting efficiency (skilled workers process 15-20 per hour), and automatically generates a wool harvesting benefit analysis report (including 12 indicators such as wool yield and disability rate). Research has shown that using this technology system can increase the yield of high-quality wool by 40% (up to 85% or more), while controlling the skin damage rate below 0.5%, significantly improving the economic benefits of aquaculture.

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