長毛（máo）兔養殖現狀主要體現在哪些方麵？

What are the main aspects of the current situation of breeding long haired rabbits?

1.毛兔品種培育。(1)毛兔市場需求。目前（qián）兔毛產品，紡高支紗、做輕薄產品是（shì）個方向。一方麵符合服裝向輕薄化（huà）發展的（de）潮流，另外也易於解決原兔毛產品存在（zài）的掉毛、起球、縮水三大難（nán）題，因此對細度的要求較高。

1. Breeding of rabbit breeds. (1) Market demand for rabbits. At present, spinning high count yarn and making light and thin products are the direction for rabbit hair products. On the one hand, it is in line with the trend of clothing towards lightweight development, and on the other hand, it is easy to solve the three major problems of hair loss, pilling, and shrinkage in original rabbit hair products. Therefore, the requirement for fineness is high.

(2)培育適合市場的兔毛品種。通過調研發現，目（mù）前養殖的長毛兔（tù），細毛細度偏粗，多為16～17微（wēi）米（mǐ），因此，對（duì）毛兔的（de）培育不能將隻放在提高產量上，而應根據產（chǎn）品的需要（yào）綜合考慮。對毛長的要求比細度要低些，毛長3～4厘米的兔毛，即可滿足紡紗的要求，而（ér）毛長2厘米左右的兔毛可以用來與棉進行混紡。

(2) Cultivate rabbit hair varieties suitable for the market. Through research, it has been found that the fine hair of the currently cultivated long haired rabbits is relatively coarse, mostly ranging from 16 to 17 microns. Therefore, the focus of rabbit breeding should not be solely on improving production, but should be comprehensively considered according to the needs of the product. The requirement for hair length is lower than fineness. Rabbit hair with a hair length of 3-4 centimeters can meet the spinning requirements, while rabbit hair with a hair length of about 2 centimeters can be used for blending with cotton.

2.養毛期的確定。長毛（máo）兔的（de）養毛期（qī）要根據毛紡市場的需求靈活掌握。果勇養殖場對不同養毛期兔（tù）毛生長速度和纖維細度進行了測定，結果（guǒ）表明，兔（tù）毛前期生長速度(1～20天（tiān）)超過1毫米/天，以後的（de）生長速（sù）度逐漸減慢。50天養毛期，兔毛長度可達到35毫米，60天接近40毫米，70天背部兔毛可達到50毫米。實際生產中可（kě）根據各地不同的氣候（hòu）特點及市（shì）場需求（qiú），適當調整養毛期，晚春早夏季節，采用50～70天的養毛期，兔毛可達到紡織要求。

2. Determination of hair raising period. The wool raising period of long haired rabbits should be flexibly controlled according to the needs of the wool textile market. Guoyong Farm measured the growth rate and fiber fineness of rabbit hair during different hair raising periods, and the results showed that the growth rate of rabbit hair in the early stage (1-20 days) exceeded 1 mm/day, but gradually slowed down in the future. During the 50 day hair raising period, the length of rabbit hair can reach 35 millimeters, approaching 40 millimeters in 60 days, and 50 millimeters in back hair in 70 days. In actual production, the wool raising period can be adjusted appropriately according to the different climate characteristics and market demands in different regions. From late spring to early summer, a wool raising period of 50-70 days can be used, and rabbit hair can meet the textile requirements.

3.飼料現狀。目前在（zài）生產過程中使用的大宗飼料原料主要為玉米、餅粕（pò）類、農作物秸稈和部分（fèn）工業副產品等，隨著工業用玉米用量（liàng）的增加和畜牧業發展對飼料原料（liào）需（xū）求的增加，養殖業麵臨飼料上漲、飼料（liào）來源緊張和飼料（liào）質量難以控製（zhì）的（de）問題，特別是粗飼（sì）料（liào），很（hěn）難滿足長毛兔生產的需要，因此，必須開發非常規飼（sì）料。

3. Current situation of feed. At present, the main bulk feed raw materials used in the production process are corn, cake, crop straw, and some industrial by-products. With the increase in the amount of industrial corn and the increasing demand for feed raw materials in the development of animal husbandry, the breeding industry is facing problems such as rising feed prices, tight feed sources, and difficult to control feed quality, especially rough feed, which is difficult to meet the needs of rabbit production. Therefore, It is necessary to develop unconventional feed.

(1)食用菌菌渣。菌渣為食用菌產（chǎn）菇後的廢料，食用菌栽培原（yuán）料經微生物發酵後，部分物（wù）質（zhì）被降解，可適當添加用作畜（chù）禽飼料。在兔飼料中添加（jiā）10%～15%，可（kě）在不（bú）影響生產（chǎn）性能的情（qíng）況下減少飼料成本。比如金針菇菌渣與小（xiǎo）麥麩皮相比（bǐ），粗蛋白略低，粗纖維含量接近（jìn），但菌渣為有（yǒu）益菌發酵（jiào）產品，含有更多的菌（jun1）體蛋白和非蛋白氮，更適宜兔的消化和利用，可完全替代小麥麩皮。但由於新鮮菌渣含水量高（gāo）達40%以上（shàng），生產中必須在（zài）良好天氣情況下將新鮮菌渣快速曬幹（gàn）或烘（hōng）幹，以減少黴變，限製了（le）新（xīn）鮮菌渣的（de）開發利用，可添加菌渣時適當添加脫黴劑。

(1) Edible mushroom residue. Mushroom residue is the waste produced by edible mushrooms. After microbial fermentation, some substances in the cultivation materials of edible mushrooms are degraded and can be appropriately added for livestock and poultry feed. Adding 10% to 15% to rabbit feed can reduce feed costs without affecting production performance. For example, compared to wheat bran, mushroom residue has slightly lower crude protein and similar crude fiber content. However, mushroom residue is a beneficial fermented product that contains more bacterial protein and non protein nitrogen, making it more suitable for digestion and utilization by rabbits and can completely replace wheat bran. However, due to the high moisture content of fresh bacterial residue of over 40%, it is necessary to quickly dry or dry the fresh bacterial residue in good weather conditions during production to reduce mold formation, which limits the development and utilization of fresh bacterial residue. When adding bacterial residue, appropriate mold removal agents can be added.

(2)蘋果粕。蘋果粕是采用、新鮮蘋果，經挑選、清（qīng）洗、壓榨、烘幹（gàn）、粉碎精製而成的一種、綠色（sè）飼料。小兔飼（sì）料可添加5%～8%，大兔飼料可添加10%～20%。

(2) Apple meal. Apple meal is a pure natural and green feed made from high-quality and fresh apples, selected, cleaned, pressed, dried, and crushed. Small rabbit feed can be added with 5% to 8%, while large rabbit feed can be added with 10% to 20%.

(3)鬆針粉。鬆針粉是由馬尾鬆等樹種的（de）針葉經過一係列工藝加工而成的，在毛兔飼料中添（tiān）加5%，可明顯增加毛密度，提高（gāo）產毛量10%左右。

(3) Pine needle powder. Pine needle powder is made from the needles of tree species such as Pinus massoniana through a series of processing techniques. Adding 5% to rabbit feed can significantly increase wool density and increase wool yield by about 10%.

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